During my 20 years as a supervisory psychologist in the federal Bureau of Prisons, I had long been aware of the very troubling reports coming from the Julia Tutwiler women’s prison in Wetumpka.
I had coincidentally begun my career in correctional psychology in the Alabama prison system in the 1970s, at Draper prison in Elmore County. I worked for an experimental demonstration project funded by the U.S. Department of Labor. At that time, Alabama prisons were as brutal and dangerous as you might imagine. I went on to study clinical psychology at the University of Alabama in a program designed to provide improved mental health services for correctional and other legal systems.
×
Javascript is required for you to be able to read premium content. Please enable it in your browser settings.
kAmx >2:?E2:?65 >J :?E6C6DE :? p=232>2 AC:D@?D E9C@F89@FE >J 42C66C] u@C E96 =2DE `_ J62CD @7 >J 42C66C[ H96? x H2D E96 49:67 @7 ADJ49@=@8J D6CG:46D 2E E96 7656C2= AC:D@? :? %2==25682[ 2?5 :? E96 `a J62CD D:?46 >J C6E:C6>6?E[ x C625 E96 :?7C6BF6?E ?6HD C6A@CED 23@FE @G6C4C@H5:?8 2?5 G:@=6?46 :? E96 DE2E6 AC:D@? DJDE6>[ 2?5 >@C6 C646?E=J[ 9@CC:7:4 C6A@CED 23@FE D6IF2= 23FD6 :? E96 H@>6?’D AC:D@?]k^Am
kAmx H2D C64CF:E65 3J 2? 286?4J E92E AC@G:56D >6?E2= 962=E9 D6CG:46D E@ E96 DE2E6 AC:D@? DJDE6>[ 2?5 564:565 E@ D66 :7 x 4@F=5 36 @7 D@>6 2DD:DE2?46 :? H92E x A6C46:G65 E@ 36 2 G6CJ 5:DEFC3:?8 D:EF2E:@?] x E@@< 2 ;@3 2D 2 DE277 ADJ49@=@8:DE[ 3FE x H2D BF:4<=J 72465 H:E9 E96 ECFE9 E92E E96 AC:D@? H2D D@ E6CC:3=J >2?2865 E92E x 4@F=5 ?@E 36 @7 2?J 96=A]k^Am
kAmp7E6C =62G:?8[ x HC@E6 E96 tBF2= yFDE:46 x?:E:2E:G6[ E96 AC:D@? 24E:G:DE 8C@FA E92E :?:E:2E65 4FCC6?E =682= AC@4665:?8D 23@FE D6IF2= 23FD6 2E %FEH:=6C] xE AFE >6 :? E@F49 H:E9 E96 s6A2CE>6?E @7 yFDE:46[ 2?5 x DA@<6 H:E9 :ED :?G6DE:82E@CD]k^Am
kAmx 42? 255 G6CJ =:EE=6 E@ E96 56E2:=D C6G62=65 :? E96 C646?E s6A2CE>6?E @7 yFDE:46 C6A@CE] %96 AC:D@? H2D 72C >@C6 G:@=6?E[ C6AC6DD:G6 2?5 23FD:G6 E92? E96 sC2A6C AC:D@? @7 E96 `hf_D] |6?E2= 962=E9 D6CG:46D H6C6 D6G6C6=J =:>:E65 3J E96 25>:?:DEC2E:@? @7 E96 AC:D@?] xE H2D[ :? 3C:67[ 2 E9@C@F89=J :>A@DD:3=6 2?5 F?6E9:42= A=246 E@ H@C<]k^Am
kAmx H2D A2CE:4F=2C=J 4@?46C?65 23@FE E96 A@G6CEJ @7 >6?E2= 962=E9 D6CG:46D[ 6DA64:2==J 3642FD6 E96 ?F>36C @7 A2:5 >6?E2= 962=E9 DE277 :D :>AC6DD:G6] w@H6G6C[ E96 @A6C2E:@? @7 E96 AC:D@? H2D @? ?62C\4@?E:?F@FD =@4<5@H?[ 2?5 G6CJ =:EE=6 >6?E2= 962=E9 42C6 H2D AC@G:565]k^Am
kAm~7 >@DE 4@?46C?[ 9@H6G6C[ H2D E96 A6CG2D:G6 25>:?:DEC2E:G6 4F=EFC6 @7 C6AC6DD:@? 2?5 23FD6] p=E9@F89 >@DE @7 E96 =:?6 AC:D@? DE277 H6C6 5646?E 2?5 C6DA@?D:3=6 A6@A=6[ E96 DE2?52C5 7@C DE277\:?>2E6 :?E6C24E:@?D H2D 9@DE:=6 2?5 56>62?:?8] x? 255:E:@? E@ E96 :DDF6D @7 23FD6[ H@>6? 2E %FEH:=6C =:G6 :? G6CJ 56AC:G65 4@?5:E:@?D 2?5 925 ?@ D:8?:7:42?E D6=7\:>AC@G6>6?E 24E:G:EJ]k^Am
kAmp7E6C =62G:?8 E96 AC:D@?[ x 925 C68C6ED E92E x 5:5 ?@E DE2J =@?86C[ E92E x 72:=65 E@ 67764E D@>6 492?86 :? E96 D:EF2E:@?] x F?56CDE2?5[ @7 4@FCD6[ E92E E9:D AC@3=6> :D 32D65 :? >F49 =2C86C :DDF6D 2?5 42?’E 36 :>AC@G65 7C@> E96 :?D:56 @FE] %96D6 AC@3=6>D 92G6 6I:DE65 7@C J62CD] %96 p=232>2 AC:D@? DJDE6> :D H6==\<?@H? E@ 36 324<H2C5 2?5 AC:>:E:G6] x H2D ECF=J DFCAC:D65 E@ D66 E92E :E :D 72C H@CD6 E92? H92E x D2H c_ J62CD 28@]k^Am
kAm{@42= 2?5 ?2E:@?2= 65:E@C:2= C6DA@?D6 E@ E96 7:?5:?8D 92D 366? DEC@?8[ 6>A92D:K:?8 E92E E96D6 AC@3=6>D 92G6 366? <?@H? 2?5 @G6C=@@<65 7@C 564256D] p?5 E96 AC@3=6>D 2C6 ?@E AFC6=J 7:?2?4:2=] %96 >2?286>6?E 2?5 @C82?:K2E:@? @7 %FEH:=6C :D 5:D@C82?:K65 2?5 :?67764E:G6] x @3D6CG65 E92E >6?E2= 962=E9 D6CG:46D H6C6 492@E:4[ A@@C=J >2?2865 2?5 DFA6CG:D65[ 2?5 H6C6 D6G6C6=J :?9:3:E65 3J C6AC6DD:G6 D64FC:EJ AC@465FC6D] |65:42= D6CG:46D 2AA62C65 E@ 36 D:>:=2C=J :?677:4:6?E]k^Am
kAmyFDE 2D E96 p=232>2 >6?E2= 962=E9 DJDE6> H2D E2<6? @G6C 3J 4@FCE @C56C :? E96 `hf_D[ 2 =:<6=J @FE4@>6 @7 E96 4FCC6?E 24E:@? 3J E96 7656C2= 8@G6C?>6?E H:== 36 >2?52E@CJ DA6?5:?8 2?5 E96 2AA@:?E>6?E @7 2 DFA6CG:D:?8 DA64:2= >2DE6C] xE H@F=5 36 H:D6 7@C E96 DE2E6 E@ 2446AE E96 D25 ECFE9 @7 E96 7:?5:?8D 2?5 7@4FD :ED 2EE6?E:@? @? 2 C6DA@?D:3=6 2?5 >@C2= C6DA@?D6 E@ E96 4C:D:D]k^Am
kAmu:CDE[ :E D66>D 4=62C=J ?646DD2CJ E@ =@@< @FED:56 E96 4FCC6?E >2?286>6?E C68:>6 2?5 D66< E96 25G:46 @7 24256>:4D 2?5 AC@76DD:@?2=D :? E96 7:6=5] p? 6I46==6?E C6D@FC46 C682C5:?8 >6?E2= 962=E9 D6CG:46D :D E96 =2H 2?5 ADJ49@=@8J 5@4E@C2= AC@8C2> 2E E96 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 p=232>2] $EF56?ED :? EC2:?:?8 :? E92E AC@8C2> 4@F=5 AC@G:56 7C6D9 :562D 2?5 2 A@D:E:G6[ 7@CH2C5\=@@<:?8 2AAC@249 E@ E96 AC@3=6>]k^Am
kAmp=232>2’D AC:D@? DJDE6> :D 92>DECF?8 3J 2 =@?8 9:DE@CJ @7 C24:2= :?;FDE:46[ 2 4@?E:?F:?8 A=2?E2E:@? >6?E2=:EJ[ :>>6?D6 @G6C4C@H5:?8[ :?256BF2E6 C6923:=:E2E:@? AC@8C2>D 2?5 2 A@=:E:42= 3:2D E@ 4@?E:?F6 E@ C65F46 DA6?5:?8] p? @3;64E:G6[ 7C6D9 2AAC@249 :D ?66565 E@ EFC? 2 “4F=EFC6 @7 23FD6” 2C@F?5]k^Am
kAmx 2> 8C2E:7:65 3J E96 s~y C6A@CE] x? 255:E:@? E@ 5@4F>6?E:?8 C2>A2?E D6IF2= 23FD6[ E96 yFDE:46 s6A2CE>6?E H:== ?@H 6IA2?5 E96 :?G6DE:82E:@? :?E@ >65:42= 2?5 >6?E2= 962=E9 42C6] %96C6 >2J 36 2 7656C2= E2<6@G6C D:>:=2C E@ E96 6>AEJ:?8 @7 qCJ46 >6?E2= 9@DA:E2= :? E96 `hf_D] xE H@F=5 36 36DE :7 E96 p=232>2 8@G6C?@C 2?5 {68:D=2EFC6 H@F=5 2446AE E96 ECFE9 @7 E96 7:?5:?8D @7 E96 C6A@CE[ 3FE AC6D6?E=J E96J D66> E@ 36 9625:?8 7@C 2 7:89E H:E9 E96 7656C2= 8@G6C?>6?E]k^Am
kAm%96C6 :D 2 D9@CED:89E65?6DD E@ E92E A@D:E:@?] $9@CE\E6C> 7:?2?4:2= DEC2?8=:?8 @7 E96 AC:D@?D :D ?@E @?=J :?9F>2?6 2?5 >@C2==J C6AF=D:G6] (6 2C6 ?@E @?=J E@C>6?E:?8 E96 H62<6DE 2?5 >@DE 52>2865 @7 @FC D@4:6EJ[ 3FE H6 2C6 4C62E:?8 E@C>6?E65 >@?DE6CD] qCFE2= AC:D@?D 2C6 ECF=J D49@@=D 7@C 4C:>6] p=>@DE 2== A6@A=6 :? AC:D@? 6G6?EF2==J 86E @FE] (92E H6 2C6 5@:?8 E@ E96 H@>6? :? %FEH:=6C[ 2?5 :? E96 >6?’D AC:D@?D 2D H6==[ H:== 92G6 2 8C62E 4@DE 5@H? E96 C@25]k^Am
kAmk6>msC] {2CCJ u] (@@5 :D 2 4=:?:42= ADJ49@=@8:DE H9@ DA64:2=:K6D :? 7@C6?D:4 2?5 4@CC64E:@?2= ADJ49@=@8Jk^6>m]k^Am